Linux

install module pf perl

export PERL5LIB="\$HOME/.cpan/build:\$PERL5LIB"
cpan YAML/Tiny.pm

ckeck process if runin

pgrep nvim
ps -C nginx
ps aux | grep "nvim" | awk ' \$11 == "nvim" {print \$11}'
  • conddtion
if pgrep -x "gedit" > /dev/null
then
    echo "Running"
else
    echo "Stopped"
fi

calcule: sha hash

xbps-install -Sy coreutils
sha1sum
sha256sum

fix greedy

perl -pe 's#a.*?a#--#'

Linux

install module pf perl

export PERL5LIB="\$HOME/.cpan/build:\$PERL5LIB"
cpan YAML/Tiny.pm

ckeck process if runin

pgrep nvim
ps -C nginx
ps aux | grep "nvim" | awk ' \$11 == "nvim" {print \$11}'
  • conddtion
if pgrep -x "gedit" > /dev/null
then
    echo "Running"
else
    echo "Stopped"
fi

calcule: sha hash

xbps-install -Sy coreutils
sha1sum
sha256sum

fix greedy

perl -pe 's#a.*?a#--#'

Driver

list the kernel modules:

this list shown the the name of kernel module for the used kernel driver.

lspci -knn

how to disable nouveau

$ xbps-remove -vROo -F mesa-nouveau-dri xf86-video-nouveau
$ sudo xbps-install -S bbswitch nvidia390 nvidia390-opencl

$ cat /etc/modprobe.d/nouveau_blacklist.conf
# To block nouveau drivers: https://askubuntu.com/questions/841876/how-to-disable-nouveau-kernel-driver
blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0

$ uname -r
6.12
$ sudo xbps-reconfigure -f linux6.12


$ cat /etc/default/grub | grep GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nouveau.modeset=0"
$ update-grub

get the used GPU now

glxinfo | grep 'renderer string'

Use two carts graphic for power performance: optimums

  • using the Proprietary driver nvidia

By default, all apps will run by internal GPU, but if you want to run an app with GPU change the value of DRI_PRIME to 1.

DRI_PRIME=1 app
  • Install nvidia

install last nvidia drivers first, then if the log from dmesg tell you, what's drivers should be installed in your system

xbps-install -S nvidia # or nvidia470 or nvidia390
  • check if this driver wasn't marking as blacklist

verify at /etc/modprobe.d/nouveau_blacklist.conf, /usr/lib/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf, or /usr/lib/modprobe.d/nvidia-dkms.conf by commenting it out.

nvidia require module bbswitch

xbps-install -S bbswitch

usbs drivers

lsusb -t

inxi -Fxxxz

to remove extra dkms modules

dkms status
sudo dkms remove v4l2loopback/0.12.5 --all
xbps-reconfigure -f linux5.19

Suckless Tools

how to use font in dwm or st or dmenu

if your are use some patch:

  • you can not use multi font font[]=font[1]
  • you can not use "mono:size=16 you must use "mono 16"

Try:

  static const char font[] = "DejaVu Sans Mono 15";

how can found name of font on linux

fc-list --format="%{family}\n" | cut -d , -f 1 | sort | uniq

How to kill script that run xsetroot (statusbar)

kill -9 \$(ps -ef|awk  '/ayoubStatusBar/{print \$2}'|grep -v "awk"|awk 'NR==1')  
# or
pkill ayoubStatusBar

print \$2 because we have pid1 and pid2

pid1 myscript.sh  
pid2 root that run this scripte : like terminal , or father of this scripts

grep -v for ignore process that grep for my script
NR==2 for return only 1er ligne : that pipe from last pipe
ps -ef grep(find) pid-pross by origin script : htop not view origin scripts always

change font using sed

sed -iE 's#(static char \*font = ").......*\$#\1FiraCode\ Nerd\ Font:size=15";#' config.def.h
sed -iE 's#(static char \*font2........).*\$#\1FiraCode\ Nerd\ Font:size=15" };#' config.def.h

Suckless Tools

surf

xxx webkit2gtk-devel gcr-devel

How to install dwm in Ubuntu-Linux

Xorg

sudo apt install xorg

Dependencies needed for compile dwm in Ubuntu linux from scratch is:

sudo apt install build-essential libx11-dev libxinerama-dev libxft-dev

Suckless Tools

surf

xbps-install -Sy webkit2gtk-devel gcr-devel

Dwm in void-linux

xorg

sudo xbps-install -y xinit xauth xorg-server xorg-minimal

Dependencies needed for compile dwm in void linux from scratch is:

sudo xbps-install -y base-devel libX11-devel libXft-devel libXinerama-devel freetype-devel fontconfig-devel

Suckless Tools

surf

xbps-install -Sy webkit2gtk-devel gcr-devel

Dwm in Arch-linux

Xorg

# TODO

Dependencies needed for compile dwm in arch linux from scratch is:

sudo pacman -S base-devel libx11 libxft libxinerama freetype2 fontconfig

UBUNTU

To convert any binary from the deb format to arch format, should be extract them, copy all contient files to our true path, and install our dependencies

Or, you can use, this script bellow, that automated all things.

  • Arch
https://github.com/helixarch/debtap
  • Voidlinux
https://github.com/toluschr/xdeb

fix apt

  • add non signed repository to apt
deb [trusted=yes] http://xxxxxx yyy main
  • fix _apt root
alias apt='apt-o APT::Sandbox::User=root'

Arch Linux

install all pkg from file

pacman -Syy \$(cat pacman.txt | sed '/^#/d' | tr '\n' ' ')

create user

# TODO

set time

# TODO

networking

# TODO

search for some files offline fro any pkgs

pkgfile --update

Void Linux

VOID LINUX

xbps-install -S xorg

or

xbps-install -Sy xorg-server  xorg-fonts xinit

Driver

xbps-install -Sy mesa intel-ucode

xbps-install make cmake git wget curl bat exa  htop zsh nvim neovim

Git

root from absolute path

git rev-parse --show-toplevel
  • HOW view diff version of one file in two branch

the mybranch is new than master: git diff old..new should be write master..mybranch will be add + after any new line created by mybranch

(master) \$ cat file.txt 
a
c

(mybranch) \$ cat file.txt 
a
b
c

git diff master..mybranch -- /file1

 a
+b
 c
  • view diff bitween to dirs
\$ diff -rq ./dir1 ./dir2
  • git back/reset/restor/revet
\$ git reset --hard 6bc2e3a
  • diff new file only:
git diff --name-only  --diff-filter=A 65833e30..c3098905
  • submodule
git clone --recurse-submodules -j8 git://github.com/foo/bar.git
git submodule update --init --recursive

git locally

  • pc: mkdir /path/to/origin && cd \$_
  • remote: mkdir /path/to/backup && pushd \$_ # meen cd to dir2
  • remote: git init --bare
  • pc: popd
  • pc: git init
  • pc: git remote add local /path/to/backup
  • pc: touch aa{1..4}.txt
  • pc: git add .
  • pc: git commit -m 'init project'
  • pc: git push -u local maste

find/search for string in commits in git

git rev-list --all | xargs git grep "string"

deleted file

Find by:

git log --diff-filter=D --summary file

Restore by:

git checkout dc5599 -- file

\$ git fetch --unshallow

how to login to phone

  • install this app: SimpleSSHD.apk, that is an open source
    • create directory called ssh in your android at: /storage/emulated/0/.ssh/
      • SimpleSSHD.apk: change Home Directory -> /storage/emulated/0
      • SimpleSSHD.apk: change SSH PATH -> /storage/emulated/0/.ssh
      • get ip: the ip is showing in your apk like 192.168.43.1
      • port the default is 2222
      • default password should shown in app
  • fix error:
    • in android: remove old files in /storage/emulated/0/.ssh/*
    • in linux: remove old lines from ~/.ssh/known_hosts like: github.com ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZ
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub |
    ssh 192.168.43.1 -p 2222 "cat >> /storage/emulated/0/.ssh/authorized_keys"

How to mount termux by sshfs in linux

sshfs u0_a133@192.168.43.1:/data/data/com.termux/files/home/ -p 8022 /mnt/termux

terminal (local): download file from remote

$ scp -P8022 username@remote:/file/to/send /where/to/put

terminal (local): upload file to remote

$ scp -P8022 /file/to/send username@remote:/where/to/put

terminal (remote): download file from local

# TODO:

terminal (remote): upload file to local

# TODO:

To use vpn by ssh

usepremiusa2.vpnjantit.com:22 my number in voip:+1 442 946 2073

  • testing
$ dos2unix usa2.vpnjantit.com/usa2.vpnjantit-tcp-8080.ovpn
$ sudo cp /usr/share/examples/openvpn /etc -r
$ sudo vim /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
$ openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -extensions server_cert -notext -md sha256 -in csr.pem -out cert.pem
$ openssl ca -config /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf -extensions server_cert -notext -md sha256 -in csr.pem -out cert.pem
$ doas update-ca-certificates
$ sudo ln -s /etc/sv/ufw /var/service
$ doas openvpn --config u8080.ovpn --data-ciphers AES-256-GCM:AES-128-GCM:CHACHA20-POLY1305:AES-128-CBC
  • file.ovpn

In any blocks inside this config file, replace with

auth-user-pass auth.txt
script-security 2
remote-cert-tls server
  • USAGE:
$ sudo openvpn --config u8080.ovpn --data-ciphers AES-256-GCM:AES-128-GCM:CHACHA20-POLY1305:AES-128-CBC

rsa ed

Create rsa without prompt

ssh-keygen -b 2048 -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -q -N ""

From a local computer, we can typically log in via SSH using the following command: ssh -p 8022 server_user@server_ip

Next, run python3 -m http.server -d ./src 8080 on the server.

But, directly accessing the server's content through http://serverip:server_port may not work due to security restrictions. We can overcome this using SSH tunneling.

For instance, on Android, we must first choose a valid port (e.g., 8080) for the server (ports like 3000 and 80 may not be valid). After running the server (e.g., mdbook, Python), the content will not be immediately accessible locally. We need to establish a forward tunnel to the server, mapping the server's port to a local port (e.g., 3001).

ssh -p 8022 -L 3001:localhost:8080 -L 3002:localhost:8081 server_user@server_ip
# OR
ssh -p 8022 -L 8080:localhost:8080 -L 8081:localhost:8081 server_user@server_ip

Now, the server's content will be accessible locally via http://127.0.0.1:3001/ or http://127.0.0.1:8080/.

Therefore, to ensure proper website functionality, we must identify an available port on the server and utilize SSH tunnel forwarding.

Configuring NeoMutt with Gmail OAuth2 using mutt-wizard

This guide will walk you through setting up NeoMutt with Gmail using OAuth2 authentication via mutt-wizard.

Prerequisites

First, install the necessary dependencies:

sudo xbps-install -Sy cyrus-sasl-xoauth2 neomutt curl isync msmtp pass pam-gnupg notmuch abook urlview mpop

Installation

  1. Clone and install mutt-wizard:
git clone https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/mutt-wizard
cd mutt-wizard
sudo make install
  1. Generate a GPG key:
gpg --full-generate-key
  1. Initialize pass with your email:
pass init ayoub@gmail.com

Configuration

  1. Run mutt-wizard to add your Gmail account:
mw -a ayoub@gmail.com

  1. Generate an app password for Gmail:

  2. When prompted by mutt-wizard, enter the generated app password: you will see a key like this:

vJkl jtjk weqc rwzi

Troubleshooting

If you enter an incorrect password, you may need to remove the stored password:

rm /home/$USER/.password-store -rf

Then, re-run the mutt-wizard configuration process.

EASY AND FAST FILE SHARING FROM THE COMMAND-LINE.

ServiceCommand to Upload FileStatus
transfer.shcurl -T foo.zip https://transfer.shoff
big.tarr.hucurl -T foo.zip http://big.tarr.huoff
lusk.shcurl -T foo.zip https://lusk.shon
xtn.shcurl -T foo.zip https://xtn.shon

how ram usage

\$ cat /proc/meminfo | awk 'FNR == 1 {tot=\$2} FNR==2 {free=\$2} FNR==3 {avai=\$2} FNR==4 {buf=\$2} FNR==5 {cach=\$2} FNR==21 {shem=\$2} FNR==24 {srec=\$2} {green=tot-free-(buf+cach);blue=buf;yellow=cach+srec-shem} END {print
   (tot - free - (buf + cach+srec)) / 1024}'

Linux how to copy but not overwrite?

  • skip existing files linux
rsync -a -v --ignore-existing
cp -nv 

# Set date by cli
date --set '2021-09-14 22:16:00'

zsh stow

root=\${1:-root}

mkdir -p ~/.config/zsh

stow --dir=\$HOME/stow/zsh --target=\$HOME/.config/zsh void
stow --dir=\$HOME/stow/zsh --target=\$HOME/.config/zsh universe
stow --dir=\$HOME/stow/zsh --target=\$HOME init

exit
if [[ "\$root" = "root" ]];then
    stow --dir=\$HOME/stow/zsh --target=\$HOME/.config/zsh void-root
else
    stow --dir=\$HOME/stow/zsh --target=\$HOME/.config/zsh void-home
fi


\$ sudo apt-get install squashfs-tools 

\$ unsquashfs -f -d /media/location1 /media/location2/file.squashf

how yo install man in void xbps

\$ xbps-install -Sy man-pages-posix man-pages

don't install if not needed

\$ man-dbman-db

Decrypt pdf

wak pdf decryption:

it's not need any password, just run.

# xbps-install -Sy qpdf
qpdf --decrypt ../input.pdf out.pd

if we have passord

qpdf --decrypt ../input.pdf out.pdf --password=1234

connect by adb

usb

  • Enable usb debugging
  • Select PTP (Picture Transfer Protocol)
adb kill-server
adb start-server
adb devices
adb usb

Doidcam cli

adb forward tcp:4747 tcp:4747
droidcam-cli 127.0.0.1 4747

adb online only

  • get the serial using the usb cable for the first time
\$ adb devices

connect using the ip of my phone

  • active adb without root
\$ adb -s XXXXX
  • connect
adb connect 192.168.82.207:5555

adb devices
adb tcpip 5555
adb connect $(resolveip):5555
adb usb
adb disconnect

search for other OS

echo "GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false" | tee /etc/default/grub

Gdrive

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/carstentrink/gdrive
cd gdrive
# edit ./handlers_drive.go
# change cliend id and secrete_code
go install

go install github.com/msfjarvis/gdrive@latest

Active

# any command like
gdrive list

if you login with multi emails, should disconnected or use private-browser

download

to download this link

https://drive.google.com/u/1/uc?id=1z7RhJgZDDONsrv2mSoHxlkN3XBcvGc5T&export=download

use

gdrive download 1z7RhJgZDDONsrv2mSoHxlkN3XBcvGc5T

HOW TO USE JUPYTER WITH OPEN VSCODE

rm ~/.vscode-oss
code-oss -enable-proposed-api ms-toolsai.jupyter .

or add to the ~/.vscode-oss/argv.json

{
    "enable-proposed-api": ["ms-toolsai.jupyter"]
}

FIX SOUNDS

PIPEWIRE

sudo xbps-install -Sy pipewire wireplumber wireplumber-elogind bluez libspa-bluetooth rtkit 
sudo ln -sv /etc/sv/rtkit /var/service
sudo ln -sv /etc/sv/bluetoothd /var/service
  • config pipewire using user config.
~/.config/pipewire/
    └── pipewire.conf.d/
        ├── 10-wireplumber.conf -> /usr/share/examples/wireplumber/10-wireplumber.conf
        └── 20-pipewire-pulse.conf -> /usr/share/examples/pipewire/20-pipewire-pulse.conf

OLD STEPS

install wireplump-elogind for shared object that need elogind and active sv status elogind active pipewire-pulse by uncomment this line

    #{ path = "/usr/bin/pipewire" args = "-c pipewire-pulse.conf" }

start/Enable

no need any services, it's can run with autostart apps or .xinitrc ...

pipewire &
sleep 1 # if pipewire not running the wireplumber could not run.
wireplumber &

interface

we have pavucontrol and helvum

sound control

we can change sound volume using to 99% by:

$ pactl set-sink-volume 0 99%

OLD 2

fix sound work by sudo only

  • select module (driver)
$ cat /etc/modprobe.d/default.conf

options snd_hda_intel index=1
  • check alsamixer
$ alsamixser

image

  • choose builting audio that not off in pulsemixer
$ pulsemixer

image

unmout all, But danger

$ amixer scontrols | grep -oE "'.*'" | awk -F\' \
    '{print "amixer -c 0 set \""$2"\" unmute 100"}' >> ~/speaker.txt

Bluetooth Setup and Troubleshooting on Void Linux

This guide will help you install and troubleshoot Bluetooth on Void Linux, specifically for Broadcom Bluetooth adapters.

INSTALL

  1. Install Necessary Packages: Install the required firmware and packages for Bluetooth functionality:

    xbps-install -S broadcom-bt-firmware
xbps-install -S bluez bluez-alsa pipewire elogind # elogind is used by pipewire to create the /run/user/1000 directory

FIX

  1. Load Bluetooth Modules: Ensure the necessary Bluetooth kernel modules are loaded:

    modprobe btusb
modprobe bluetooth

  2. Unblock Bluetooth: Make sure Bluetooth is not blocked:

    rfkill unblock bluetooth

  3. Enable Services: Enable and start the required services:

    ln -s /etc/sv/elogind /var/service
ln -s /etc/sv/bluetoothd /var/service

GET MISSING FIRMWARE FILES

  1. Download and Install Missing Firmware: If your Bluetooth adapter requires specific firmware files, download and place them in the correct directory:

    mkdir -p /lib/firmware/brcm
wget -O /lib/firmware/brcm/BCM43142A0-04ca-2006.hcd https://github.com/winterheart/broadcom-bt-firmware/raw/master/brcm/BCM43142A0-04ca-2006.hcd

  2. Reload Bluetooth Modules and Restart Service: Reload the Bluetooth modules and restart the Bluetooth service to apply changes:

    modprobe -r btusb
sv restart bluetoothd

LOG USEFUL INFORMATION FOR TROUBLESHOOTING

  1. Check for Errors in Kernel Logs: Use dmesg to check for Bluetooth-related errors, such as missing firmware files:

    dmesg | grep -i bluetooth

  2. Verify Firmware File: Ensure the firmware file is correctly placed in the /lib/firmware/brcm/ directory:

    ls /lib/firmware/brcm/BCM43142A0-04ca-2006.hcd

TROUBLESHOOTING STEPS

  1. Verify Bluetooth Service Status: Ensure the Bluetooth service is running:

    sv status bluetoothd

  2. Check for Available Bluetooth Controllers: Use bluetoothctl to list available Bluetooth controllers:

    bluetoothctl
> list

  3. Additional Debugging: If issues persist, additional debugging may be required, such as checking system logs or verifying hardware compatibility.

  • must source ~/.tmux.conf to load any change in.tmux.conf
  • must use correct var \$TERM as export TERM=screen-256color-bc
  • if screen-256color-bc cause problem with zsh/kitty dont initialise \$TERM

zsh input and typing handled uncorrected

check if terminfo is build correctly, especially with suckless/st, in this case, we can use sudo make install clean.

force using xterm-256color

if you want to use export TERM=xterm-256color in .zshrc instead of export TERM=xterm

ln -sf /usr/share/terminfo/x/xterm-color /usr/share/terminfo/x/xterm-256color
export TERM=xterm-256color

notify

xbps-install -Sy notify-osd

export some variables

eval `dbus-launch --auto-syntax`

elogind

  • elogind could be essentiel to initialise $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR to /run/user/1000.
  • but elogind could be make contradiction with dwm when it's run dbus-run-session dwm.

Syntax Highlight

issue

From highlightjs.org/download, I specified only few languages, to download them

image

I got this zip

image

I have chosen highlight.min.js, by:

cp ~/Download/highlight.min.js ~/mybook/theme/highlight.js

├── book.toml
├── src
│   ├── chapter_1.md
│   └── SUMMARY.md
└── theme
    ├── highlight.css
    └── highlight.js

MISSING

highlight.css can't load from original highlightjs repo automatic

wget https://github.com/highlightjs/highlight.js/blob/84719c17a51d7bb045f2df441b9c00f871f7c063/src/styles/base16/github.css \
 -O ~/mybook/theme/highlight.css

but I can load it manually with some extension like stylus

OR

add to book.toml

[output.html]
additional-css = ["./theme/highlight.css"]

with some modification in theme/highlight.css

.hljs {
+  display: block;
+  overflow-x: auto;
   color: #adbac7;
-  background: #22272e;
}

Wifi on Linux

get back Wlan0 name

# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/80-net-name-slot.rules

net.ifnames=0

unblock network

# rfkill # view all devices
# rfkill unblock bluetooth
# rfkill unblock wlan

active network

Use ip command to bring up the wifi interface:

# sudo ip link set wlan0 up

Or ifconfig:

# ifconfig wlan0 up

Wifi info

# iwlist wlan0 scan

get Signal and name of SSID

# iw dev wlan0 link

ad-hoc

Check if your Wifi is supported by `AP``

# iw phy |grep -iA6 'Supported interface modes:'
  • use hostapd
  • use create_ap

Brightness

Xrandr

  • grep monitor :
xrandr -q |grep connected

eDP1 connected primary 1280x800+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 217mm x 135mm
DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
VIRTUAL1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
  • change from 0 to 1
xrandr --output eDPy --brightness 0.5

Backlight brightness

  • use cli to change to 50%
$ xbacklight -set 50
  • use echo to /sys/.../file
# sudo chown $USER:$video /sys/class/backlight/*/actual_brightness
# sudo chmod 0664 /sys/class/backlight/*/actual_brightness
# echo 937 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/*/actual_brightness

screen saver

use 300 seconde to go to screen saver

xset s 300

fix i3status-rs

we should use elogind that provide an service for dbus like systemd that help to adjust the backlight.

xbps-install -y elogind
sudo ln -s /etc/sv/elogind/ /var/service

then logout or reboot.

Install theme

xbps-install -Sy lxappearance

all theme store in

ls /usr/share/themes

lxappearance show standard themes without

one or this tow repo

xbps-install -Sy gnome-themes-standard
xbps-install -Sy gtk-engine-murrine

compile some theme by messon

xbps-install -Sy sassc glib-devel

cursor

xbps-install -Sy breeze-purple-cursor-theme

gtk debug error

# if you export this var like that:
export GTK_DEBUG="interactive"

# to disable one time
unset GTK_DEBUG

# or from .bashrc to disable it completely
unset export GTK_DEBUG="interactive"

crate swapfile

SWAPFILE="\${1:-/swapfile}"
GB="\${2:-4G}"

fallocate -l "\$GB" "\$SWAPFILE"
chmod 600 "\$SWAPFILE"
mkswap "\$SWAPFILE"
swapon "\$SWAPFILE"

BASH

export PS1="\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]\${debian_chroot:+(\$debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$"

Overlay fs mount xbps

this use to mount to dir in one dir

\$ sudo mount -t overlay overlay -o lowerdir=/opt/xbps-src/void-packages:/opt/xbps-src/ayoub,upperdir=/opt/xbps-src/xbps-up,workdir=/opt/xbps-src/xbps-work /opt/xbps-src/xbps-merg

mount pkg for void-packages

  • don't use ln or ln -s
  • use mount --bind:
\$ mkdir /path/to/new/dir
\$ mount --bind /path/to/dir /path/to/new/dir

fix mounted directory

some shared library not word in tmpfs/shm, I should remount with permission to exec

mount --bind /path/to/dir /new/dir
mount -o remount,exec,bind  /new/dir

How to switch bettwin layout arabic/us in keybroad

you can use sxhkd

# keybroad layout us
alt + shift + u
    setxkbmap us
    
# keybroad layot arabic
alt + shift + a
    setxkbmap ara

or use Ctrl and Alt

setxkbmap -layout us,ara -option grp:ctrl_alt_toggle

How remap key in lunix

to get key code on use xev:

xev | awk -F'[ )]+' '/^KeyPress/ { a[NR+2] } NR in a { printf "%-3s %s\n", \$5, \$8 }'

to remap on use xmodmap/setxkbmap...

xmodmap -e 'keycode 66 = Shift_L'

Power management/Suspend and hibernate

Grub setting

  • UUID for swapfile
findmnt -no UUID -T /swapfile
  • offset for swapfile
sudo filefrag -v /swapfile | awk '$1=="0:" {print substr($4, 1, length($4)-2)}'
  • add to /etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet ... resume=UUID=c20be35e-47be-4e7d-919f-966ba1edf0ea resume_offset=2224128"

Dracut setting

  • add the module
cat /etc/dracut.conf.d/resume.conf

add_dracutmodules+=" resume "
  • generate the initram

Use the linux<x>.<y>

uname -r
sudo xbps-reconfigure -f linux5.18

must install tow wrt lib for libinput

\$ xbps-install -Sy libinput-devel wlroots-devel xorg-server-xwayland wayland-devel

wyland protocol

\$ xbps-install -Sy wayland wayland-protocols wlroots

cpu info

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo

dmidecode

$ inxi -Fxxxz

Drivers

booted system boot_kernel_version=$(uname -r) if /mnt/chroot_system depend on some drivers, it's try to load the drivers from /mnt/chroot_system/lib/modules/$boot_kernel_version/, so it's easy to install the some kernel version in two systems or link the chroot system with bootable system, then try to install modules in bootable kernel.

fix xrdb

xauth +

How to open DISPLAY in chroot envirenmet

  • get auth key

in your original pc ,execute:

xauth list

latitude/unix:0  MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1  d4474d13c
  • put auth key in ~/.Xresources

in chrooted linux create ~/.Xresources in first time

touch ~/.Xresources
  • add key by executing:
xauth add latitude/unix:0  MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1  d4474d13c

in minimal linux:

  • ubuntu
apt install x11-apps 
apt install xauth

mkdir /mnt/freebsd
mount /dev/da0s1 /mnt/freebsd
chroot /mnt/freebsd /bin/env -i TERM=$TERM /bin/csh

get the window class

xprop | awk '
	/^WM_CLASS/{sub(/.* =/, "instance:"); sub(/,/, "\nclass:"); print}
	/^WM_NAME/{sub(/.* =/, "title:"); print}'

output:

instance: "Navigator"
class: "Firefox"
title: "Mozilla Firefox

dwm specified some windows to specified tag

if the some apps have tow windows, each windows should specified the class and instance and title, that help dwm to disting between windows

static const Rule rules[] = {
    /* class       instance      title           tags_mask isfloating   monitor */
    { "Firefox",   "Toolkit",   "Picture-in-Picture", 1 << 4,   0, -1 },
    { "Firefox",   "Navigator", "Mozilla Firefox",    1 << 3,   0, -1 },
}

Check sig key

gpg --auto-key-retrieve --verify artix-base-s6-20200214-x86_64.iso.sig artix-base-s6-20200214-x86_64.iso

Get large dirs

du -h -d 1 /usr/lib | sort --sort=human-numeric

HOW TO USE flameshot

Capture a region using the GUI, and have it automatically saved to your pictures folder when clicking the save button in GUI

\$ flameshot gui -p ~/Pictures

Capture the active monitor and save it automatically to your pictures folder

\$ flameshot screen -p ~/Pictures

Capture the full desktop (all monitors) and save it automatically to your pictures folder

\$ flameshot full -p ~/Pictures

USE NON-COMPATIBLE BINARRY

sometimes, I can find some apps in my distrubution, or I want a version that new or old, that I can get in my distrubution, and I can build it from scractch(probably need new/old gcc/clang or property),

use ld-linux.so

The ld-linux.so could search for shared and static libs (binnary libs, created by gcc/clang). The ld-linux.so will execute apps, when resolve the libs.

To run aircrack-ng, I should have some libs in my system, I could use the libs from wifislax too. Here, I have multi libs of linux wifislax in current directory.

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PWD/lib:$PWD/usr/lib ./ld-linux.so.2 ./aircrack-ng --help

Complex apps

for exemple, when apps wrap by bash scripts, like:

#!/bin/bash

aircrack-ng --help

the ld-linux.so cannot launch this script, to resorve this probleme:

  • recreate bash script
  • use export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

ls-linux.so problems

When useing export, how to tell linux what lib-linux.so should use, lib-linux.so.2 or lib-linux.so3 or $PWD/lib/ld-linux.so.2…

PyTorch

welcome to the manual for installing the pytorch python library in Linux(Voidlinux) we should look here To install pytorch you should get right version for:

  • Nvidia driver
  • cuda or cudatoolkit or pytorch-cuda
  • cuDNN
  • pytorch
  • cuDNN

1. Find Versions

nvidia driver version

simple way is install the latest version of driver, and look at the output of dmsg to find the recommend version of nvidia driver, for me: GeForce 820m is nvidia390

cuda version

You must choose a cuda version that compatible with your driver, and with Compute Capability

  • [driver] check driver here
  • [Compute Capability] Look here for new or (legacy)[https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-legacy-gpus] to get the Compute Capability.

for me: - the new cuda version that support my driver nvidia390 is CUDA 9.1 (9.1.85) - the Compute Capability for nvidia 820m is 2.1 firmi, that compatible with

so i will try with cuda 9.0 and cuda 8.0

cuDNN

go to cuDNN website, and search for cuDNN version that comatible with you version pf cuda that already get already, you can get something like that.

  • Download cuDNN v8.7.0 (November 28th, 2022), for CUDA 11.x
  • Download cuDNN v7.6.5 (November 5th, 2019), for CUDA 9.0 if you your cuda v9.0 you should use cuDNN v7.6.5

PyTorch

to get the right version for pytorch that conforme with cudatoolkit go to this website for me i get:

conda install pytorch==1.1.0 torchvision==0.3.0 cudatoolkit=9.0 -c pytorch

2. install

install nvidia390

sudo xbps-install -S nvidia390

cuda 10.1

wget -c https://developer.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/10.1/Prod/local_installers/cuda_10.1.105_418.39_linux.run

sudo sh cuda_10.1.105_418.39_linux.run --silent --toolkit --override --tmpdir=$PWD/dir3

TODO:

  • fixed gcc12 unssuprted by --override flag
  • install gcc12 by xbps

conda

Requirement:

  • python3.7.5
  • pytorch=1.3.1
  • torchvision=0.4.2
  • cudatoolkit=9.2.148
  • cudnn=7.6.3
conda create --yes -n env5 python=3.7
conda install \
        pytorch=1.3.1 \
        torchvision=0.4.2 \
        cudatoolkit=9.2.148 \
        cudnn=7.6.3 \
      -c pytorch

conda install \
        pytorch=1.1.0 \
        torchvision=0.3.0 \
        cudatoolkit=9.0 \
        cudnn=7.5 \
      -c pytorch